El Desgarrador Caso de un Bebé con Ictiosis Arlequín: Una Enfermedad Cutánea Extraordinariamente Rara

El Dr. Dang Hong Duyen, Departamento de Neonatología del Hospital de Obstetricia y Ginecología de Quang Ninh, dijo que la ictiosis arlequín es una forma extremadamente rara y grave de piel seca como las escamas de pescado, que pertenece a un grupo de enfermedades genéticas recesivas con una incidencia de aproximadamente 1/ 500.000. La enfermedad hace que la dermis sea 10 veces más gruesa de lo normal y que el crecimiento de la piel sea 7 veces más rápido que en las personas normales.

Rare: Having a genetic skin disorder, an infant has dry skin all over the body - Photo 1.

Niños con enfermedades raras de la piel.

El trastorno genético de la piel, la ictiosis arlequín, de una manera simple, es que en el proceso evolutivo de nuestros antepasados, al pasar del ambiente acuático en el útero de la madre al ambiente seco después del nacimiento, el cuerpo humano ha formado un mecanismo de autoprotección del piel se llama queratinización, el término técnico es queratinización.

La causa de la enfermedad es una mutación en el gen recesivo del cromosoma 2, el gen ABCA12 (2595 aa), que regula la síntesis de la proteína ABCA12 (transportador 12 de casete de unión a ATP) en la piel, una proteína responsable del transporte de lípidos al epidermis. Crea una barrera protectora para la piel. La falta o ausencia de la proteína ABCA12 en la capa de la piel, hace que los lípidos no sean transportados hacia afuera, sino que se depositen en la membrana celular, haciendo que el estrato córneo sea más grueso y duro.

El tipo de mutación es recesiva en el cromosoma autosómico, por lo que el niño “hereda” el gen mutado de ambos padres.

Rare: Having a genetic skin disorder, an infant has dry skin all over the body - Photo 2.

Rare: Having a genetic skin disorder, an infant has dry skin all over the body - Photo 3.

Rare: Having a genetic skin disorder, an infant has dry skin all over the body - Photo 4.

Según los médicos, las mutaciones genéticas provocan la ausencia o deficiencia de esta proteína, lo que impide el transporte de grasa, provocando cambios severos en zonas de la piel. En el estrato córneo, los lípidos se depositan dentro de la membrana celular, lo que hace que el estrato córneo sea más grueso y duro, agrietándose en grietas profundas.

Las mujeres embarazadas deben someterse a exámenes prenatales para evitar defectos de nacimiento.

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